Tuesday, May 26, 2020
The Secret to World Studies Extended Essay Topics
The Secret to World Studies Extended Essay Topics Want to Know More About World Studies Extended Essay Topics? History essays cannot center on subjects that occurred in the last ten years that's simply not history. All kinds of essays that are given on several subjects can easily be completed by the experts because of a very long expertise in the specialty. In addition, by definition, some topics aren't acceptable for a protracted essay in physics, which is an experimental science with a certain strategy and techniques. They may be unsuitable for investigation because of safety issues. All things considered, essay writing is a very simple task when you have the correct topic. All essays have to be supervised by means of a school supervisor. As you prepare the protracted essay, you are going to want to study several sample essays. You will construct your full extended essay around it. Among other requirements for the protracted essay, there's a point about topics. The selection of topic is all-important in regards to writing a protracted essay and certainly in the topic of history. Besides having an intriguing essay topic, you should use develop it in an appropriate way. The next issue to discuss is an elongated essay format. Ensure your subject of choice is specific. Try out another topic and do the exact 5-minute writing test till you locate a topic you know it is simple to write on. Pick a carefully focused topic where you're able to use two different practical tactics to address it. Your subject of choice will motivate you to create a fantastic work. Lies You've Been Told About World Studies Extended Essay Topics Writing for a term paper may be a tricky procedure to start due to the research that's necessary to create a strong paper. You pick a topic that should be accepted by IB (which is not so difficult). Economics An excellent economics essay n eeds a narrowly focussed research question on a place of interest for those economics student. Essays written at the degree of a newspaper or news magazine article are unlikely to attain a high mark. The Little-Known Secrets to World Studies Extended Essay Topics Some schools will provide you with a timeline of when you have to think of a topic, when you want to meet up with your advisor and when certain drafts are due. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Each student will choose a teacher to function as an advisor. Though some students might be too proud to request help, others realize the huge wealth of chances that comes in the kind of mentors, assistants, and tutors. Want to Know More About World Studies Extended Essay Topics? You need to consider something that's easily researchable and where you are able to perform experimentation. Your audience can tell by considering the paper whether you were interested in the topic or not If yo u're having a difficult time deciding on the best topic for your essay, then you should think about the next ideas. If you're really stuck trying to discover a not too broad or narrow topic, I advise attempting to brainstorm a topic that employs a comparison. Write about something you enjoy because you'll be spending a good deal of time on it. Therefore, if there's any reason why you cannot have your extended essay written on time yourself, all you have to do is place your order on our site, and leave the rest to us! If you have the question right you have an extremely great opportunity of writing a high-scoring extended essay. The idea forming of the EE procedure is most likely the toughest bit as you don't even understand what you're doing yet but you have to write 4000 words. Do not compose a lengthy compound sentence if it is possible to write it as two distinct sentences. A lengthy essay is a sort of academic writing assignment, which success depends upon the structure. In such situations, only the essential non-chemistry information should be offered in the debut, since the essay is going to be marked on its chemical content. Except for selecting a topic, researching, and pinning down the major question, it's crucial to choose the structure as a protracted essay needs to be long. As the method is interdisciplin ary explaining the topic through the lens of over 1 discipline, students should develop a very clear rationale for taking an interdisciplinary strategy, picking out the IB disciplines through which they intend to learn more about the topic. A protracted essay writing is vital requirement for those students taking ib programs. For the class, there's no exam. The final, formal item of writing of 3,000-4,000 words is something which students can take pride in, present to teachers, parents and perhaps even future employers. Taking economics extended course requires you to have a deeper comprehension of economics.
Tuesday, May 19, 2020
Terror Bird (Phorusrhacos) - Facts and Figures
Name: Terror Bird; also known as Phorusrhacos (Greek for rag bearer); pronounced FOE-roos-RAY-cuss Habitat: Plains of South America Historical Epoch: Middle Miocene (12 million years ago) Size and Weight: About eight feet tall and 300 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large head and beak; claws on wings à About the Terror Bird (Phorusrhacos) Phorusracos isnt known as the Terror Bird only because thats much easier to pronounce; this flightless prehistoric bird must have been utterly terrifying to the small mammals of middle Miocene South America, in light of its enormous size (up to eight feet tall and 300 pounds), clawed wings, and heavy, crushing beak. Extrapolating from the behavior of a similar (but much smaller) relative, Kelenken, some paleontologists believe the Terror Bird grabbed its quivering lunch with its talons, then grasped it between its powerful jaws and bashed it repeatedly on the ground to cave in its skull. (Its also possible that the giant beak of Phorusrhacos was a sexually selected characteristic, males with bigger beaks being more attractive to females during mating season.) Ever since the discovery of its type fossil in 1887, Phorusrhacos has gone by a bewildering number of now-outmoded or reassigned names, including Darwinornis, Titanornis, Stereornis, and Liornis. As for the name that stuck, that was bestowed by a fossil hunter who assumed (from the size of the bones) that he was dealing with a megafauna mammal, and not a bird--hence the lack of the tell-tale ornis (Greek for bird) at the end of the Terror Birds genus name (Greek for rag bearer, for reasons that remain mysterious). By the way, Phorusrhacos was closely related to another terror bird of the Americas, Titanis, a comparably sized predator that went extinct at the cusp of the Pleistocene epoch--to the extent that a minority of experts classify Titanis as a Phorusrhacos species.
Friday, May 15, 2020
Feminism And The Feminist Movement Essay - 1523 Words
In an ideal world, people would know what they stood for, created works that were completely original, and treated everyone with respect, dignity, and authenticity. Roxane Gayââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Bad Feminist: Take Oneâ⬠ruminates on the authenticity of feminist identity constructed on principles of ââ¬Å"essential feminism.â⬠Ultimately, Gay arrives at the conclusion that narrowly constructed and rigidly defined fundamentals or ââ¬Å"essentialsâ⬠of feminism conflict with the complexities of womanhood and lead to an inauthentic (and unacceptable) identity. Gay advocates that gender must be considered and embraced in context of other narratives (race, ability, sexuality). Gay is focused on feminist identity, but her ideas are also pertinent to the broader question of whether any core or fundamental set of values sufficiently governs or explains the complexities of human identity or experience. She advocates intersectionality as a way for the feminist movement to be more inclusive, at the heart of her argument is the idea that an idea that an identity such as ââ¬Å"feministâ⬠must be congruent with complex and multifaceted human lives to truly be authentic and valid. She points out that marginalized women go through much more complicated ordeals than privileged women. According to Everyday Feminism, ââ¬Å"Women of different races, sexual orientations, and socioeconomic statuses experience gender inequality differently. The plight of a middle-class, straight, white, American woman is not the same as that of anShow MoreRelatedFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1292 Words à |à 6 PagesThe feminist movement came to fruition during the early 20th century. Over all, the push for women s suffrage and rights was strong, but further enhanced by leaders like Alice Paul and Jane Addams. The idea of equal rights for all was further scrutinized and contested after civil rights were granted to former slaves. Women began to push for similar equa lity as illustrated through the feminist movement. The feminist movement became very large and sprouted subsections, one being a subsectionRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1672 Words à |à 7 PagesThe feminist movement has transformed over the past century through the strength of thousands of women who were willing to put their lives and reputations on the line to fight against social injustice. The feminist movement has a common theme: rights and respect for women. However, itââ¬â¢s goals, methods and conceptions of who is included under the identity ââ¬Å"feministâ⬠has evolved considerably since the 19th century. The U.S. feminist movementââ¬â¢s objectives have progressed from prioritizing legislationRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement924 Words à |à 4 Pagesplaylist I chose to focus on an overall theme of Feminism and the impact that women in popular music have through music. A feminist supports the ideals for equal rights for women. They share a common goal to achieve equal political, econ omic, personal, social and cultural rights. The women music genre emerged during the second-wave feminist movement. Women artists have taken to the music industry to express the idea of women rights through a feminist movement. This playlist includes eight songs from todayââ¬â¢sRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1110 Words à |à 5 PagesWilliam Fayson English 1102 Professor Williams I Spy Feminism In todayââ¬â¢s society if we asked people the first thing that came to their mind when they heard the word equality, my bet is that not many of them would say something along the lines of male versus female. Females before, during, and after the feminist movement have been subject to discrimination because of what doesnââ¬â¢t lie in between their legs. Females are often steered away from the things they enjoy doing simply because it may seemRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement910 Words à |à 4 PagesFeminism is a movement that I have never really claimed myself to be a part. I have nothing against those who want to stand for what they believe in, but I think thereââ¬â¢s a way it should be done. Feminism is something that I have questioned a lot and have looked into. I am completely for women feeling empowered; however, I find many things that I disagree with when it comes to the feminist movement. Iââ¬â¢ve listed five of them: 1. Feminists tend to paint the picture like men are the only problem. ItRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1339 Words à |à 6 PagesAt its very core, the feminist movement aims to create gender equality. However on the individual level, feminism becomes a lot more nuanced, as feminists come from many different backgrounds, have many different experiences, and identify themselves in many different ways. Feminism is a movement for everyone, not just women, as it also addresses many other issues as a result of intersecting identities. Although gender equality seems like a logical enough goal, many people are afraid to identify specificallyRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1006 Words à |à 5 Pages Early feminism was typically focused only on white women, likely because racism was still extremely prominent at the time feminism began emerging. It was not until Kimberlà © Crenshaw introduced the term ââ¬Å"intersectionalityâ⬠in 1989 that feminism started to look at oppressed groupââ¬â¢s needs (Nash, 2008, 2). Intersectionality is a way of thinking that acknowledges that when a person has identities that belong to more than one oppressed group, it impacts their quality of life more negatively. In this paperRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1304 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe rise of the feminist movement there have been many significant advances toward women gaining equality in all aspects of life. Media has a strong influence on society and it is continuously educating, informing and conditioning how humans behave and display themselves. With the media endorsing so many hyper sexualized images of men and women, it is very unlikely that these ideas would render no i mpact on our sense of identity. Feminism is a social principle and political movement mostly based onRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1451 Words à |à 6 PagesWhat is Feminism? According to the English Dictionary, Feminism is a doctrine advocating social, political, and economic equality for all sexes. For the last 100 years men and women had fought tirelessly for equality of the sexes. The Womenââ¬â¢s Liberation Movement, also known as the Feminist Movement made aggressive changes in the history of women oppression in society. This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh, she shall be called a women, so God created man in his own image. ââ¬Å"Genesis 1:26-27Read MoreFeminism : A Feminist Movement1553 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"Feminist battled for decades toâ⬠¦ wrest power from men, Congratulations men, you won.â⬠After comments like this how do you not ask yourself if there is still a need for a feminist movement throughout the country? Although i t is now 2015, women still must put up a fight for equality. Males and females are constantly being compared in society. Especially at work, whether it is by earning less, or being subjected to an unfavorable environment, women are still seen as inferior to men, even if it is not
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Impact Of Climate Change Policy On Employment Essay
Impacts of climate change policy on employment Temperatures are reaching a new high, snow and rainfall patterns are shifting, and more extreme climate events, such as drought, flooding, are taking place. It is not a forecast anymore; greenhouse gases are intensifying the global warming. In 2013, 81.2% of the energy consumption in the world are produced by fossil fuel (International Energy Agency). Could you imagine how much greenhouse gases are produced? Ever since 1980s, scientist has found that the emission of the greenhouse gases is the major factor contributes to the global warming, which intensify the climate change that the human civilization may collapse one day. In the book This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate, the author Naomi Klein describes that we are headed toward a catastrophic levels of warming. She suggests that the solution to climate change, in short, is to fight for a change in the economic model of capitalism and move towards a low-carbon economy. Making this adjustments will affect every aspect s of our life--from how the energy generate, what we consume, and the technologies we use. ââ¬Å"Change of this magnitude creates risks but also opportunities. There will be both winners and losers as the world moves towards a low-carbon economy (**).â⬠One of the important aspects which many people care about is the impact of climate change policy on employment. Does the movement improve the employment? Klein suggests that climate change policy has a hugeShow MoreRelatedThe Outsourcing Of Woolworths Ltd922 Words à |à 4 Pagesrequired in the workforce of the company. These stock manager will help in managing the stock of the organisation. Other employees required are Four (4). They will support in managing the extra work of the organisation. In this pattern, the workforce change plan will be executed. Theme 1: Employees are working in the organisation from 7 years. Theme 2: Employees are satisfied in their job but not with the working processes of the company. Theme 3: Employees are not satisfied withRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Climate Change1740 Words à |à 7 Pagesand how could these gases intensify global warming and climate change? In Naomi Kleinââ¬â¢s book, This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs the Climate, Klein describes climate change as a catastrophic crisis that the whole world is encountering. Hundreds of cities are threatened by rising sea-levels, wildlife are in danger due to disruption of ecosystems, more extreme heat waves are recorded, all of these are essentially catalyzed by climate change. Klein blamed on capitalism, an economic model used byRead MoreNarrative Interview : The Global Economic Climate During The 2008 Global Financial Crisis ( Gfc )1083 Words à |à 5 PagesTrainor as the ideal candidate to provide a comprehensive recount of the global economic climate during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC). And how his experiences of economic fluctuations and policies during the GFC changed his perspectiv es and understandings of macroeconomic decisions, as well as their effects on the modern world. At the time of the Global Financial Crisis, James was the Global Head of Employment Tax for the Macquarie Group, one of Australiaââ¬â¢s largest investment banking institutionsRead MoreClimate change Adaptation Planning: Tourism industry in the Himalaya Region1221 Words à |à 5 Pagesis one of the major contributors to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment. As an example, tourism sector contributes 9.4% of GDP and 8.2% of total employment in 2012 for Nepal (World Travel Tourism Council 2014). The observed impacts of climate change to the livelihood of the tourism industry are the main driver to the need of adaptation to ensure future development and prosperity (Simpson et al. 2008, UNWTO 2008). Climate is one of the primary factor in determining the viability and suitabilityRead MoreFood Security Is A Basic Right Of Man And An Essential Condition For A Populace1606 Words à |à 7 Pagesof the main reasons for food insecurity is declining health of the ocean which the paper below is going to highlight. Major threats to these oceans such as unsustainable fishing, pollution, and climate change and aquaculture impact are going to be highlighted. Further, the paper will discuss the policies or popular movements that are believed to offer promise to addressing the food insecurity issue and it will also discuss ways that should be found to feed the world and sustain the planet. DiscussionRead MoreClimate change and the loss heritage Antarcticââ¬â¢s ice melt and accelerating sea level rise, the1600 Words à |à 7 PagesClimate change and the loss heritage Antarcticââ¬â¢s ice melt and accelerating sea level rise, the growing number of large wildfires, intense heat wave shocks, severe drought and blizzards, disrupted and decreased food supply, and extreme storm events are increasing to happen in many areas world wide and these are just some of the consequences of global warming. The fossil fuel we burn for energy coal, natural gas, and oil plus the loss of forests due to disforestation, in the southern hemisphere areRead MoreThe Carbon Tax Policy Of British Columbia1220 Words à |à 5 PagesClimate change has been an increasing concern in todayââ¬â¢s world and has proven to be detrimental in the coming years. With the increasing human population, the consumption of fossil fuels has been in high demand and this poses a threat in the future. After several years of political and cultural pressure to take a stand on climate change and in order to control the regulation of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, British Columbia implemented the carbon tax on July 1, 2008 (Murray and RiversRead MoreMacroeconomic Policies Of National Development1117 Words à |à 5 Pagesdefines economic changes that affect household, companies and market. Macro economy can be used to analyze the things that influence policy goals such as economic growth, price stability, employment and the achievement of sustainable balance sheet. Macroeconomic problems occur in every country, both developed countries and developing countries. Therefore, the government created the macroeconomic policies so that national development can work well. Macroeconomic policy is the policy of the governmentRead MoreMacroeconomic - Government Policies in Reducing Inflation and Unemployment1493 Words à |à 6 Pagesgovernment policy in reducing unemployment and inflation. In your discussion make use of the diagrammatic representation of the macroeconomy developed in lectures in Term 2 | Unemployment and inflation are factors that have negative effects on the performance of the economy as a whole. Therefore, policies to achieve low and stable price inï ¬âation, a high and stable level of employment are big macroeconomics issues of our time. This essay focuses on discussing the role of government policy on reducingRead MoreThe Brookings Report Provides A Useful Lens On America s Future Essay1545 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Brookings Report provides a useful lens on Americaââ¬â¢s future by recognizing the demographic shifts that are transforming the metropolitan areas of today. The five new realities represent new changes to metropolitan areas such as the continued growth and outward expansion of our population; its ongoing racial and ethnic diversification; the rapid aging on the horizon; our increasing but selective higher educational attainment; and the intensified income polarization experienced by workers and families
Critical Criticism Of Harrison Bergeron - 774 Words
In the reading of Harrison Bergeron the idea of society being the enemy and taking over everyoneââ¬â¢s minds is explored deeply. Competition is the enemy and anyone who could be seen as better than another must be brought down to their level. Anyone who dare stand up for something that has been said is so is wrong and that is that. Being a hero or a menace in a society where being yourself means that you must think you are better than someone could be very dangerous. But are they dangerous themselves? In this story we meet George and Hazel Bergeron, who have a son that im sure they love very much, when they can remember him. But he mysteriously left and never came back. This 14 year old boy, like most people in this current society, does notâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦When they have different thoughts, interests, and ideas. Things that could make you want to compete with one another. So when Diana Moon came out with a shotgun and shot harrison and his chosen ballerina down, it was a relief and a joy to have them out of the way. To have them gone so they canââ¬â¢t influence anyone and make them think for themselves, god forbid. Think about it today. You go to a ballet and you sit down and someone gets up and demands you listen to them and that they are in control and you must do as they say. That would be very intense and would probably make you want to throw your flip flop at them. But what if someone shot them down for that. I think that Harrison expressing himself that way is a sign of rebellion. And from the sounds of it a good old fashioned rebellion is exactly what their society needs. Shooting him down is saying that you can not express your rights, that you can not say what you want, and that you can not and will not try and be better than anyone in any way even if it is just by dancing better than someone. Basically all basic rights to express yourself and your opinions are not allowed. But I do not think that it is dangerous act, persay. By getting up there and removing the things that make him the same as everyone else he is committing a dangerous act, but that itself is not dangerous. It is, indeed, heroic. We shouldnââ¬â¢t let anyone control us unless itShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Thomas More s Utopia1338 Words à |à 6 Pagessteady global society in which the population is perpetually restricted. The origin of that stability is the conditioning of citizens to agree to their class in life. This is accomplished by the eradication of natu ral procreation, the dissuasion of critical thinking, and the deterrence of individual accomplishment and creativity. The Hunger Games is a dystopian novel set in Panem, a civilazation set in post ââ¬âapocalyptic North America consisting of the wealthy Capitol and twelve districts in varyingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Critical Essay1607 Words à |à 7 Pagesï » ¿Lintang Syuhada 13150024 Book Report 1 Fahrenheit 451 Critical Essay Human beings are naturally curious. We are always in search of better ideas, and new solutions to problems. One of a basic idea of Indonesia has been freedom of thinking and a free flow of ideas. But in some societies, governments try to keep their people ignorant. Usually, this is so governments can keep people under control and hold on to their power. In trying to keep people from the realities of the world, these oppressiveRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words à |à 15 Pagesshort fiction became even more widespread after World War II. In his collection Welcome to the Monkey House (1968), American Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., included several stories that make satirical use of the science fiction genre. One such story is ââ¬Å"Harrison Bergeron,â⬠which begins, ââ¬Å"The year was 2081, and everybody was finally equal.â⬠ââ¬Å"The Jokerââ¬â¢s Greatest Triumph,â⬠a 1965 work by American Donald Barthelme, relates the ordinary home life of Batman and is an example of the pop story. Italian author Tommaso
Blast Off free essay sample
Will Rogers once said, ââ¬Å"If you want to be successful, itââ¬â¢s just this simple. Know what you are doing. Love what you are doing. And believe in what you are doing.â⬠About three years ago, I read a book that I had recently checked out at the library. It was called All the Light We Cannot See written by Anthony Doerr. The novel takes place in France during World War II and is centralized around the life of a blind French girl named Marie-Laure LeBlanc and an eighteen-year-old German boy named Werner Pfennig. Reading this story about determination and destiny led to a turning point in my life. Throughout the war, both Marie and Werner feel they have no control over their lives. However, after the two characters meet and realize how alike they are, they become stronger and begin to take control of themselves. As I was reading this, I felt I should take action in my own life and the first step in doing that would be to find something that I am interested in. We will write a custom essay sample on Blast Off or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After searching for about a week with no luck, I happened to walk in on my mother watching the T.V. show Scrubs. Intrigued, I sat down next to her and began to watch. When the episode finished, I realized I had found what I had been seeking the entire time. I had not just been looking for a hobby or interest, I had been looking for a purpose to strive for and I had found it. My peculiar love for examining ââ¬Å"owies,â⬠and rewatching the Magic School Bus episode in which they travel inside Arnoldââ¬â¢s body, finally made sense. My rocket full of passion finally lifted off and soared into the space of infinite possibilities. The ACE Program would guarantee that that rocket would land on my moon. It would mean a ââ¬Å"ripping off the band-aidâ⬠fresh start from battling a physically abusive father, sexually abusive grandfather, drug abusive mother, and living without a home of my own over these last three years. This chance will further prepare me for my future career as an ob/gyn and possible neonatal surgeon. I have conquered so much, and with this opportunity, I believe I will conquer even more.
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Business Garb of a Company Chu and Computers Pty Ltd â⬠Free Samples
Question: Discus about the Garb of a Company Chu and Computers Pty Ltd. Answer: Issue The given issue here refers to the question of the liability of an individual taken in the garb of a company, or in short, the issue here refers to the piercing of the corporate veil of a company. As per the given facts of the problem, Chu retires from Computers Pty Ltd and enters into an agreement with them not to compete against Computers Pty Ltd for a period of two years from the date of his retirement. Such an agreement between Chu and the company was important because Chu, due to his experience, position and seniority, knew many important details regarding the preferences and the identity and the specifications each client had with regard to the products that the company offered. To ensure that such knowledge is not misused or exploited by Chu to Computers Pty Ltd, such an agreement was necessary. Chu had retired on March, 2014 and the agreement between Chu and Computers Pty Ltd was to have effect till March 2016. In April 2016, i.e. just a month after Chus retirement the compan y Systems Pty Ltd was created and it had, as its sole director, Chus wife who also held all the issued capital of Systems Pty Ltd. this company dealt with the selling of market hardware and software on a retail basis. Till such juncture, the matter was, per se, not in conflict with law. Systems Pty Ltd actively markets its products to the existing customers of Computers Pty Ltd. it is from this juncture that things may be said to get complicated. Further information of the case tell us that after the exit of Chu from Computers Pty Ltd, the company changed its structure in such a manner that the whole of its retail wing relating to hardware and software products were now to be controlled by Software Pty Ltd. Incidentally the management and directorial set up of both Computers Pty Ltd and Software Pty Ltd were the same. In reality Software Pty Ltd was a wholly owned subsidiary of Computers Pty Ltd. Such scheme of operation between Computers Pty Ltd and Software Pty Ltd took effect fro m the 1st of July, 2014, 4 months from the retirement of Chu from Computers Pty Ltd. The pressing issue now is whether Computers Pty Ltd is entitled to any legal right or remedy or not and if it is entitled to any remedy, what should such remedy be. On the face of it, Systems Pty Ltd is not in the breach of any law, because the name of Chu is in no way involved with that company, therefore the company is well within its rights to solicit customers from Computers customer base, keeping in mind the considerations of competition and a free market economy. However, at the same time doubt lingers regarding the authenticity of the Systems Pty Ltd because the company has got only one director who happens to be Chus wife, she also holds all the issued capital of the company. Again the company actively solicits Computers customers and Chu, using his knowledge and experience regarding Computers customers tastes and preferences and their identity is very likely to help his wife in getting a good customer base for her company. So, question is definitely very likely to arise whet her Systems Pty Ltd is being used by Chu and his wife as a corporate veil to pull customers away from Computers and subsequently increase the customer base of Systems Pty Ltd Legal Point It is for the sake of corporate convenience and legal expediency that the concept of corporate veil came into being. Once a company comes into being it has to undertake myriad activities. Such activities have obviously to be taken in the companys name and the consequences of such activities have to be borne by the company too[1]. In essence, a company is not a living being, it does not have any power to act of itself. Whatever activity is done by a company is actually done by individuals entrusted with the management of the companys affairs. A corporate veil effectively insulates the individuals involved in the management of the company from the consequences of the decisions taken.[2] Question may arise, why such a veil is needed in the first place. Such a veil may be said to give a tacit encouragement to criminal minded individuals to use the garb of the company to commit illegal acts, therefore, such a veil should be effectively discouraged[3]. The answer to this question has many layers. Corporate veil is necessary for many reasons, but mainly because to encourage individuals involved in the management of the company to take risks, because whatever action they take in their capacity as management of a company, is taken in the name of the company itself, thus such people can take risks for the company without worrying to be personally liable and/or answerable for each and every actions, because it goes without saying that the activities of a company come with their share of unavoidable risks. If an individual is made personally liable for such activities, they would be averse to undertaking any risk. Therefore, this concept has arisen to ensure some protection to individuals involved in the management of a company and allow and in fact encourage them to take calculated and well thought risks[4]. However, as noble or beneficial as the scheme of corporate veil may seem to be, this scheme is not protected from misuse or abuse, as it happens with any other provision intended for the benefit of the public[5]. Many unscrupulous individuals use the protection offered by the corporate veil for their own benefit or to hide their illegal activities under the corporate personality of a company; there have, in fact, been many such cases where the corporate personality of a company has been misused for illegal purposes[6]. It is during such activities that the courts have to resort to the phenomenon of lifting of the corporate veil or the piercing of the corporate veil[7]. The case given may be said to be an appropriate case where the doctrine of piercing or lifting of the corporate veil may be applied. Application of the Law In the case of Dennis Willcox Pty Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation[8] it was clearly held by the Court that the corporate personality of a company is to be ignored when it is rather evident that the corporate personality is used merely as a faade or a sham to further some illegal or questionable cause or to evade a legal duty or responsibility[9]. Many a time it may happen that a company has been incorporated simply for the purpose of hiding an inherently and patently illegal activity[10]. According to the Australian jurisprudence, the following broad factors may be decisive in the issue whether the corporate veil of a company is to be pierced or not: When the question is of agent principal relation; When the question is of fraudulent transactions; When the question is of unearthing a sham or a fake company; In case of group enterprises; In any case of inherent unfairness or injustice[11]. However, the list cannot be said to be exhaustive, because as is the nature of law, this list too is open to change and growth in the future[12]. Conclusion In our given problem, the principle of agency may be said to apply in this case, because as is given in the problem, the new company was not created by Chu but by his wife who was the sole director and held the issued capital, therefore, it may be well be reasonably presumed that the company was effectively run by Chu through the agency of his wife. However, at the same time Computers Pty Ltd floated a subsidiary company and outsourced all its transactions relating to software was to be conducted and supervised by Software Pty Ltd which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Computers Pty Ltd. so in such a scenario it can be very well assumed that Software Pty Ltd was in reality an extension of Computers Pty Ltd and acted as its agent, as its main aim was the furtherance of the goals o f Computers Pty Ltd. The work that was previously done by Computers Pty Ltd itself is now done through Software Pty Ltd which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the parent company, Computers Pty Ltd. Thus, Software Pty Ltd was an extension of Computers Pty Ltd. Therefore, the action by Systems Pty Ltd directly hurts Software Pty Ltd and through Software Pty Ltd, it tacitly hurts Computers Pty Ltd. The action is done by Chu and is in dirct breach of Chus agreement with Computers Pty Ltd, because Chu is soliciting customers of Computers Pty Ltd, within two years of his retirement. Chu again is not doing this directly, but he is doing it through Systems Pty Ltd which is in fact a shell company owned by Chus wife to help Chu gain the market. Refrences Davies, P., Worthington, S. and Gower, L., 1979. Gower and Davies' Principles of Modern Company Law. 1st ed. p.37. Karapano, A. and Karapano, I., 2013. The Piercing of the Corporate Veil Doctrine: A Comparative Approach to the Piercing of the Corporate Veil in European Union and Albania. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. Tricker, B., 2011. Re-inventing the Limited Liability Company. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 19(4), pp.384-393. ibid Moerman, L. and van der Laan, S., 2015. Exploring Shadow Accountability: The Case of James Hardie and Asbestos. Social and Environmental Accountability Journal, 35(1), pp.32-48. Supra note 2 Dennis Willcox Pty Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1988) 79 ALR 267 (FC, Woodward, Jenkinson and Foster JJ). Zindoga, w., 2015. Piercing of the corporate veil in terms of gore: section 20(9) of the new companies act 17 of 2008. Llm. University of cape town.
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